The Economist offers authoritative insight and opinion on international news. Hosni Mubarak is almost out of jail 10. The trial of Hosni Mubarak. This report by the Law Library of Congress provides information on the trial of Hosni Mubarak in Egypt.
Egypt: Q& A on the Trial of Hosni Mubarak. A video still shows former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in the courtroom for his trial on August 3, 2. What are the charges against Mubarak? What is the significance of the trial? Why are Mubarak and other high- ranking former government members being tried in ordinary civilian courts while political activists are being tried in military courts? Who else is charged with Mubarak in this trial and what are the charges against them? Why are there many different charges against the various defendants? The trial of former Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak has far-reaching implications - both positive and negative. Could the humiliating trial be the reason why dictators. The trial of Egypt’s ousted leader Hosni Mubarak, which resumed on Wednesday after a three-month break, has been postponed again until Monday. Hosni Mubarak, also spelled. On May 24 the public prosecutor announced that Mubarak would stand trial for ordering the killing of. Facebook Twitter YouTube. What sentences could the defendants face? How does Human Rights Watch view the death penalty? ![]() ![]() Youtube Hosni Mubarak Trial ResumesHow did Mubarak come into the custody of the court? Is Hosni Mubarak too sick to stand trial? Did Hosni Mubarak select his counsel? Can victims participate in the trial? What were the main stages of this trial? How many hearings took place? What is the current status of the trial? When is the court expected to issue a verdict? How were victims and the general public able to follow courtroom developments? Does Human Rights Watch have a position on the cage that holds defendants during the courtroom proceedings? What is Human Rights Watch. How have the Egyptian prosecution and authorities communicated with the general public about this trial? Have the authorities created a secure environment for the trial? What is to happen after the verdict is issued? Does Human Rights Watch believe that the Mubarak trial complied with international fair trial standards? What about others implicated in crimes surrounding the January 2. Will there be other trials? What about other crimes committed during Mubarak. A career military officer and commander of the Egyptian Air Force, he had been named vice- president in 1. What are the charges against Mubarak? Mubarak is charged with complicity in the murder and attempted murder of hundreds of peaceful demonstrators protesting his rule in Cairo, Alexandria, Suez, and several other Egyptian governorates between January 2. January 3. 1, 2. 01. Articles 4. 0(2), 4. Egyptian Penal Code. Although there were further injuries and deaths in the continuing protests against Mubarak. Articles 2. 30 and 2. Article 2. 35 specifies that the accomplices to premeditated murder shall be sentenced to death or life in prison. That said, it should be noted that Penal Code article 1. Mubarak is also charged with accepting a bribe from Hussein Salem, a resort developer who is his co- defendant, to exploit his influence and facilitate land concessions in Sharm al- Shaikh for a golf and tourism investment company Salem owns (see below). The referral order charging Mubarak does not specify the Penal Code articles relevant to the bribery charge. Instead, the order clusters together all the Penal Code articles relevant to a range of corruption charges against Mubarak, his sons, and Salem. The bribery charge against Mubarak appears to involve articles 1. This charge appears to involve Penal Code articles 4. What is the significance of the trial? This is the first trial of a former Arab head of state in an ordinary court of law in which the defendant has personally appeared in court since waves of street protests hit the Arab world in December 2. The SSI became notorious in the past decade for engaging in enforced disappearances, detaining suspects in unlawful facilities, and denying detainees contact with lawyers, family, or doctors. In addition, the trial presents an important opportunity to create a record of the events between January 2. Egypt's leadership. However, because the human rights violations the trial addresses are limited to January 2. Egypt. Such a process should include credible and impartial investigations and prosecutions for systematic human rights abuses over Mubarak. Why are Mubarak and other high- ranking former government members being tried in ordinary civilian courts while political activists are being tried in military courts? Since the Egyptian military deployed across Egypt amid escalating protests on January 2. Military judges are officers subject to a chain of command, and military courts over which they preside therefore do not satisfy the requirements of impartiality and independence of judicial tribunals. The trial of Mubarak and his co- defendants before an ordinary criminal court subject to ordinary criminal law and procedures stands in stark contrast to the expeditious trial of thousands of civilians (including political activists, dissidents, protesters, and even children) by military courts with few due process guarantees. Themore than 1. 2,0. Egypt since January 2. Mubarak. Human Rights Watch opposes military trials of civilians and has been advocating the re- trial or release of all civilians convicted by military courts in Egypt. Not only have these military trials undermined Egypt. Who else is charged with Mubarak in this trial and what are the charges against them? Former Interior Minister Habib al- Adly and four of his top- ranking aides face similar charges concerning the murder and attempted murder of protesters killed and injured between January 2. These aides are: Ahmed Ramzy, former head of the Central Security Forces; Adly Fayed, former director of General Security; Hassan Abd al- Rahman, former head of SSI; and Ismail al- Shaer, former director of security for Cairo. Unlike the referral order charging Mubarak, the referral order charging al- Adly and his aides references the entirety of article 4. Penal Code. Mubarak is charged with complicity in the murder and attempted murder of protesters under article 4. The rest of article 4. Together with the elder Mubarak, and pursuant to article 1. Sharm al- Shaikh from Salem in return for Mubarak. Salem, who fled Egypt after the protests began, is being tried in absentia. Salem has not been charged in this proceeding for his role in the alleged below- market sale of natural gas, even though Hosni Mubarak is on trial for improperly facilitating this sale. Rather, Salem is charged with alleged corruption and squandering of public funds in the natural gas sale in a separate proceeding involving Fahmy, the former petroleum minister,and other Petroleum Ministry officials. Why are there many different charges against the various defendants? The various charges in this trial concern at least four different factual issues: (1) The alleged role of Hosni Mubarak, al- Adly, and other high- ranking security officials in the police violence against protesters in public squares between January 2. January 3. 1, 2. 01. The alleged failure of the police to anticipate the protests and their inability to protect public and private property adequately; (3) Hosni Mubarak. Only on April 1. 0, 2. Mubarak made his first public comments after his ouster in a pre- recorded audio tape aired on the Al- Arabiyya television network, did Prosecutor- General Abd al- Maguid Mahmoud publicly announce that Mubarak and his sons were asked to appear for interrogation. Later in April, the prosecution referred Hussein Salem, Fahmy, and other Petroleum Ministry officials for criminal trial regarding the East Mediterranean Gas Company. When the prosecution referred him for trial, the charges included complicity in the murder and attempted murder of protesters between January 2. March against al- Adly and the Interior Ministry officials. The lawyers for the victims in al- Adly. On July 2. 5, Judge Gomaa announced the court. Some lawyers also requested that the corruption charges against Mubarak, his sons, and Salem be tried separately. On August 1. 5, the court presiding over the two cases ruled that it would consolidate the two cases and proceed with one joint trial on all of the charges. What sentences could the defendants face? Possible sentences for Hosni Mubarak, if found guilty of the charges against him, range from three years in prison to the death penalty. The charges against al- Adly, Ramzy, Fayed, Abd al- Rahman, and al- Shaer carry sentences ranging from a year in prison to the death penalty. Al- Marassy and Faramawy, the only defendants who were present for trial but have not been detained, face up to 6 years in connection with their failure to secure public and private property during the January 2. The corruption charges against Alaa and Gamal Mubarak carry potential sentences of up to 3 years. Article 1. 7 of the Penal Code gives judges the discretion to decree lesser sentences depending on the circumstances of the case, a clemency provision applied in the past to reduce sentences for Interior Ministry officers in cases of excessive use of force and torture. How does Human Rights Watch view the death penalty? Human Rights Watch opposes capital punishment in all circumstances because of its inherent cruelty and irreversibility. In addition, it is a form of punishment that is plagued with arbitrariness, prejudice, and error. How did Mubarak come into the custody of the court? Mubarak and his sons left Cairo for Sharm al- Shaikh on February 1. They lived there until April 1. Alaa and Gamal Mubarak were then moved to Cairo. The ousted president, who had been admitted the day before to the Sharm al- Shaikh International Hospital at the recommendation of a medical committee formed by the General Prosecution Office, remained hospitalized in Sharm al- Shaikh. On April 1. 4, the prosecutor- general ordered the Interior Ministry to take the necessary steps to transfer Mubarak to the Tora Prison hospital. According to the General Prosecution Office, the Interior Ministry replied, in a letter to the prosecutor- general, that the prison hospitals are not adequately equipped to handle medical cases that may require critical or intensive care and recommended that Mubarak be transferred to a military- run hospital. Although the prosecutor- general agreed and ordered Mubarak. The chief medical forensic examiner. The prosecutor- general again ordered Mubarak. According to the General Prosecution, the Interior Ministry replied that Mubarak.
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